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September 05, 2022 5 min read
A quick internet search about the meaning of CBD confirms that it is one of the various cannabinoids present in cannabis plant strains. However, it is quite popular and unique and has been embraced by older and younger folks. CBD is known to be non-psychoactive and has various therapeutic properties
CBD oil is extracted from hemp plants' roots, leaves, and stems. CBD oil and hemp seed oil are not the same, although CBD oil is commonly referred to as hemp oil. Hemp seed oil is extracted from hemp seeds and lacks cannabinoids. However, hemp seed oil can be used for cooking and has various medicinal properties. There are various methods of extracting CBD oil. This article will look at CBD oil, the various extraction methods, the benefits of CBD oil, how CBD oil works, and how to choose the best CBD oil products.
Crippa et al. (2018) established that CBD oil is a non-psychoactive chemical compound that can be obtained from hemp. Hemp, alongside marijuana, is a plant strain of the cannabis plant. They both contain CBD and psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). While hemp contains higher CBD levels, marijuana has higher THC levels. Therefore, CBD does not cause the "high" sensation as commonly thought.
Besides cannabinoids, CBD contains other chemical compounds such as terpenes and flavonoids. Flavonoids are known to prevent oxidative damage in the body, which could lead to diseases. Terpenes have antioxidant properties that protect the skin from oxidative stress
Most people assume that CBD oil is also illegal, especially due to its close association with cannabis and marijuana. However, the passing of the 2018 Farm Bill led to the legalization of hemp, as it was removed from the legal definition of marijuana. This legislation, viewed as a hallmark decision, meant that hemp extracts such as CBD were declared legal under federal law. However, it was determined that for CBD products to remain legal, THC levels must be lower than 0.3% to prevent the psychoactive effects of THC.
It is worth noting that state governments were mandated to develop laws regulating the use of CBD in their states.
CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the brain. The endocannabinoid system is key in emotional processing, pain control, temperature control, regulating sleep, immune responses, learning, and memory. The endocannabinoid system has receptors in several body parts, such as the brain, spine, skin, and mouth. For example, CB1 receptors are located in the nervous system, while CB2 receptors are in the immune system. CBD binds with the endocannabinoid receptors, leading to the transmission of impulses that reduce inflammation and chronic pains.
CBD also triggers the production of higher serotonin levels. Serotonin is key in regulating mood, sleep, digestion, and nausea. People with high stress and anxiety levels have lower serotonin levels. Therefore, CBD triggers the production of higher serotonin levels, reducing high anxiety levels, reducing depression, and improving a person's mood.
CBD is obtained using two major extraction methods:
Alcohol extraction involves using butane to "pull out" essential terpenes and flavonoids. This extraction method can easily be replicated locally and does not need high expertise. However, it is becoming more unpopular since there is a risk of solvent residue being left behind in the final extract. The solvent residues may highly affect the purity and potency of the CBD oil.
On the other hand, CO2 extraction involves using pressurized CO2 to "pull out" essential terpenes and plant waxes. This extraction method requires higher expertise and is normally more expensive than alcohol extraction. However, CBD oil does not get deposited as a solvent in the final CBD oil extract, which would otherwise interfere with the quality. It works efficiently as a solvent without being linked to butane, which is toxic and explosive.
CO2 extraction offers several advantages:
CO2 is widely available in the atmosphere. Therefore, this would help the manufacturer save costs since they would not have to continuously manufacture CO2 in the lab. Moreover, CO2 is highly soluble and easily modifies with pressure changes
A supercritical state is where a substance comfortably exhibits liquid and gaseous properties. This state is achieved by using minimum temperatures and high pressure, which helps in saving costs. Therefore, pressurized CO2 is more economical in extracting CBD oil since a smaller amount of gas would extract a larger amount of CBD oil. Learn more about is cbd a drug?
CO2 extraction is safer since it is not as toxic as butane, which is toxic and explosive. Additionally, CO2 does not get deposited in the CBD oil extract, which would otherwise interfere with the purity and potency levels of the CBD oil. Learn more about how does cbd affect my liver?
According to Jastrząb et al. (2021), CBD oil has anti-inflammatory properties that help relieve muscle pain and inflammation.
Orbe et al. (2020) suggested that CBD has antioxidant properties that help stabilize free radicals that damage the skin and cause skin breakouts.
Taylor et al. (2018) also added that CBD oil has antiemetic properties that improve stomach and gastrointestinal health.
Baswan et al. (2020) indicated that CBD has antibacterial properties which help remove dirt and oil from the skin, making the skin look youthful, moisturized, and supple.
There are several CBD consumption methods, which differ in terms of CBD formulation, intensity, and bioavailability:
CBD capsules are pill-like structures with a gel outer casing and are infused with a precise amount of CBD oil. They are ingested into the body.
CBD tinctures are administered sublingually and consist of CBD oil with an alcohol base. They have a high bioavailability since they do not have to be processed by the gut.
CBD gummies are chewy edibles containing a precise amount of CBD oil. They are popular because they are delicious and are easily customizable.
CBD is gaining popularity at a very fast rate. Unsurprisingly, more people are embracing it as part of their daily routine. It has various therapeutic properties, such as reducing inflammation, improving sleep quality, and reducing high anxiety levels. CBD oil can be extracted using alcohol and CO2 extraction. Alcohol extraction involves butane, while CO2 extraction involves pressurized CO2 to pull out essential terpenes and plant waxes. CO2 extraction is more popular since it does not leave behind solvent residues that may interfere with CBD oil quality. While purchasing CBD oil, check out the hemp source. Ensure that the product has undergone intensive independent third-party testing and that the THC levels are less than 0.3%.
Baswan, S. M., Klosner, A. E., Glynn, K., Rajgopal, A., Malik, K., Yim, S., & Stern, N. (2020). Therapeutic Potential Of Cannabidiol (CBD) For Skin Health And Disorders. Clinical, Cosmetic And Investigational Dermatology, 13, 927.
Crippa, J. A., Guimarães, F. S., Campos, A. C., & Zuardi, A. W. (2018). Translational Investigation Of The Therapeutic Potential Of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward A New Age. Frontiers In Immunology, 9, 2009.
Jastrząb, A., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Markowska, A., Wroński, A., Gęgotek, A., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2021). The Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Cannabidiol Contributes To The Decreased Lipid Peroxidation Of Keratinocytes Of Rat Skin Exposed To UV Radiation. Oxidative Medicine And Cellular Longevity, 2021.
Orbe, I. (2020). Analysis Of Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Properties Of Commercial Cannabinoids Extracted From Cannabis Sativa. 2020 NCUR Proceedings.
Taylor, B. N., Mueller, M., & Sauls, R. S. (2018). Cannabinoid Antiemetic Therapy.